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往者不可谏来者犹可追

秦伯益

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 34-39

摘要：

明清以来妨碍中国科学技术发展的因素很多，其中以社会政治因素的影响最直接、最明显。“康乾盛世”象征着中国封建主义消亡过程中的“回光返照”，它并不是由反映先进生产力的科学技术和工商业的发展所致。因此，“盛世”一过，接着就是“危世”、“末世”。晚清历史，既是帝国主义侵略史，更是中国封建主义衰亡史。解放后，科技事业空前发展。其间，由于在把握中国革命历史方位上的偏差，对科技事业也造成过不利的影响。在拨正了革命航向后，面对国际知识经济大潮，我国正积极改善科技创新环境，兴利除弊，迎战未来。

关键词：资产阶级革命 “康乾盛世” 革命历史方位科技创新

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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0275-z

摘要： Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology, such as smart contract applications, can enhance both pre- and post-contract administration within the built environment sector. Smart contract technology, exemplifying blockchain technologies, has the potential to improve transparency, trust, and the security of data transactions within this sector. However, there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption, offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications. To investigate the stakeholders, this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation. The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners, senior management personnel from construction companies, experts in construction dispute resolution, professionals in construction software, and representatives from government construction agencies. The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach. The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector. Among the 12 identified barriers, issues such as identity theft and data leakage, communication and synchronization challenges, high computational expenses, lack of driving impetus, excessive electricity consumption, intricate implementation processes, absence of a universally applicable legal framework, and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector. The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers. In conclusion, this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment, with a specific focus on promoting their usage. It may serve as a pioneering effort, especially within the context of Nigeria.

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Automotive revolution and carbon neutrality

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0890-8

摘要： The automotive industry is in the midst of a groundbreaking revolution, driven by the imperative to achieve intelligent driving and carbon neutrality. A crucial aspect of this transformation is the transition to electric vehicles (EVs), which necessitates widespread changes throughout the entire automotive ecosystem. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of this transition, including automotive electrification, intelligence-connected transportation system, and the potential for new technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells. Meanwhile, it discusses the key technologies and progress of the hydrogen energy industry chain in the upstream hydrogen production, midstream hydrogen storage and transportation, downstream hydrogen station construction and hydrogen fuel cells in turn. Finally, it proposes the directions for future layout, providing guidance for future development.

关键词： automotive revolution electric vehicles (EVs) hydrogen energy fuel cell

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NewIndustrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Qian Yi

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 71-75 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014011

摘要： Serious environmental problems have appeared in China since the rapid economic growth 30 years ago, which affect human's health and become a limiting factor for further development. It has brought about the rethinking of traditional ways for economy development and environmental protection, and realized that the change in the model of development and environment protection is of significance. A new industrial revolution is needed for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This paper discusses the characteristics of the new industrial revolution for sustainable development including cleaner production, circular economy, and industrial ecology. Lessons from China and abroad will be introduced to prove that new strategies for environment protection and economic development are needed.

关键词： industrial ecology new industrial revolution environmental protection cleaner production circular economy

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推动能源生产和消费革命战略研究

“能源领域咨询研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 11-17

摘要：

能源是我国经济社会持续健康发展的重要物质基础，能源生产和消费革命是我国发展的必经之路。在我国，推动能源生产和消费革命作为国家发展战略已经开始逐步实施。本文从能源与经济社会关系的角度入手，指出推动能源生产和消费革命具有重要意义；阐述了我国能源革命的背景，结合发达国家的历史经验，分析了影响能源革命的重大问题；最后结合现状提出推动能源生产和消费革命的战略建议，为我国能源生产和消费革命提供参考和有力支撑。

关键词：能源革命；经济社会；可持续发展；重大问题；战略举措

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迎接汽车革命

陈清泰

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 20-22 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.003

摘要：

从迎接新一轮汽车革命的角度，提出必须跳出电动汽车来评估汽车革命对未来经济社会的影响，并从七个方面阐述了汽车革命的特点和迎接汽车革命应有的态度。

关键词：汽车革命颠覆性变革经济社会发展

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Strategic Thinking on a Revolution/an Evolution in Production and Consumption of Energy in China

Ke-chang Xie,Ke Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 30-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014006

摘要： This article summarizes the thinking behind the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption. China is still a developing country, though it has experienced fast economic growth in the past thirty years. It achieved great accomplishments surprising the world, and it is also confronted with challenges on energy supply and environmental protection. As environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, the energy challenges have become more and more complicated. With this in mind, the authors analyzed China's energy situation, China's energy supply and consumption, the world energy map, China's commitment both to improving its domestic environment and fulfilling its international obligations to control climate change. Action plans are presented to support the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption as an effective assurance for China's ambitious goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

关键词： revolution evolution energy production consumption

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Artificial intelligence in radiotherapy: a technological review

Ke Sheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 431-449 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0761-1

摘要： Radiation therapy (RT) is widely used to treat cancer. Technological advances in RT have occurred in the past 30 years. These advances, such as three-dimensional image guidance, intensity modulation, and robotics, created challenges and opportunities for the next breakthrough, in which artificial intelligence (AI) will possibly play important roles. AI will replace certain repetitive and labor-intensive tasks and improve the accuracy and consistency of others, particularly those with increased complexity because of technological advances. The improvement in efficiency and consistency is important to manage the increasing cancer patient burden to the society. Furthermore, AI may provide new functionalities that facilitate satisfactory RT. The functionalities include superior images for real-time intervention and adaptive and personalized RT. AI may effectively synthesize and analyze big data for such purposes. This review describes the RT workflow and identifies areas, including imaging, treatment planning, quality assurance, and outcome prediction, that benefit from AI. This review primarily focuses on deep-learning techniques, although conventional machine-learning techniques are also mentioned.

关键词： artificial intelligence radiation therapy medical imaging treatment planning quality assurance outcome prediction

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奉献清洁电力，推进能源革命

顾大钊

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1331-1332 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.005

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生态文明建设与能源生产消费革命

“生态文明建设与能源生产消费革命”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 91-97

摘要：

能源是人类活动的物质基础，推动了人类文明的演进与社会的发展。化石能源消费为全球带来工业文明巨大进步的同时，也带来了环境问题加剧、气候变化显著、能源贫困突出、能源安全问题凸显等负面影响。我国以煤为主的高碳能源结构和能源消费总量持续快速增长，已成为国内包括大气、水、土壤等关系民生的重大领域环境质量恶化、生态失衡的根本原因之一。开启新的能源革命，实现能源生产、流通、消费等全过程的绿色低碳化，是解决环境和气候变化问题的关键，也是推动我国由工业文明向生态文明转变的基础。本文回顾了人类文明与能源革命的发展历史，从推动文明发展的角度出发，分析全球能源革命的总体趋势，并基于我国国情，提出了生态文明建设背景下，推动能源革命的途径与建议。

关键词：生态文明；能源生产；能源消费；能源革命

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京津冀地区推进能源革命的思考与对策

严晓辉,高丹,李艳杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 24-31 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.006

摘要：

京津冀协同发展是党中央国务院在新形势下的重大战略决策部署，是一项重大国家战略。本文通过分析京津冀三地能源生产、消费和结构比例的演变过程，认为京津冀地区的能源供需总体呈现偏紧的局面，虽然区域内可再生能源资源相对丰富，但是能源消费以化石能源为主，能源效率总体有待提升。京津冀协同发展战略提出六年多来，生态环境持续改善，但形势仍然严峻。能源是经济社会发展的动力来源和血液，同时又与环境密切相关，推动能源革命势在必行。为更好推进京津冀区域能源革命，研究建议：要继续做好节能增效，控制能源消费总量；抓好存量提升增量优选，优化能源供给结构；推进能源技术革命，打造经济增长新动能；推动体制革命，构建经济社会发展的良好市场环境；加快推进农村能源革命，强化农村点源污染防治，以便为促进京津冀协同发展生态环境率先突破提供咨询参考。

关键词：京津冀，能源革命，协同发展，生态环境，经济发展

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煤炭产业技术创新战略的探讨

陈立武,李冬东

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 26-32

摘要：

在分析和探讨技术创新及其战略理论的基础上，分析了我国煤炭产业的技术创新及其战略问题，考虑到技术发展阶段差异较大的特点，先进企业的创新战略应选择率先创新与模仿创新并存，其他大多数企业则应主要采用模仿创新战略，并形成产学研相结合、主体及模式多元化的集成创新格局。

关键词：技术创新煤炭产业战略

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Technological lubricating means: Evolution of materials and ideas

Vladimir A. GODLEVSKIY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 101-107 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0369-y

摘要：

The main stages of technological lubricating material development from ancient times to date are described. How the chemical composition of these products changed with time, how new ideas revealing the physical and chemical basics of external media that influence the mechanical processing of materials appeared, how these ideas explained the differences between traditional tribology and specific technology of metal processing are discussed. The question of the possible realization of Rehbinder’s adsorption effect in contact zone is also stated. The description of a very captivating problem is related to the explanation of the mechanism of lubricant penetration into the contact zone between the material being processed and the tool. The birth and development of the hypothesis of microcapillary penetration of the lubricant into the dynamically changed intersurface clearance that has finally led to formulating the “necessary kinetic condition of the lubricating activity” is relayed.

关键词： technological lubrication and cooling metal cutting grinding lubrication action tribology

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能源生产革命的若干问题研究

黄其励,袁晴棠,韩涛

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 105-110

摘要：

坚持节约资源和保护环境，推动能源生产和消费革命，是实现我国能源工业可持续发展的重要保障。本文在对我国能源生产现状和世界能源发展趋势分析的基础上，凝练了我国能源生产革命的若干基本判断，回答了包括绿色煤炭、石油产量稳定并有增长、天然气产量较大幅度增长、大比例可再生能源、核能、CO2捕集利用与封存（CCS/CCUS）和新能源汽车等在内的能源生产革命的内涵和战略思路，提出了近期、中期、远期的战略目标、重点任务、政策支撑和若干重大建议。

关键词：能源生产革命；基本判断；战略思路；重点任务；政策建议

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Tackling climate change and promoting the energy revolution

Xiangwan DU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 338-343 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0535-5

摘要：

Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China’s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable development needs of the country. In this paper, the reasonability of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) is examined and the fact that low-carbon development can lead to modernization is demonstrated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China’s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China’s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China’s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low-carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; specifically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.

关键词： climate change Paris Agreement low-carbon transition energy revolution